STEAM Project – Page 3

Sarah May Kline April 23, 2024 April 23, 2024 STEAM Projects

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)

Link to essay (must be signed in to UA) Illustration showing the most common symptom of POTS that occurs in assuming a standing position. Progress pics below final.

Isaiah Leggett April 21, 2024 April 22, 2024 Uncategorized

Creatine in the Digestive Tract

Through creatine supplementation muscles can output work at a higher intensity for a greater duration of time. This project shows the route in which creatine takes through the digestive tract to provide optimal ATP production for muscles.

Jowil Bell April 18, 2024 April 18, 2024 Uncategorized

Hemoglobin and its Binding Affinity

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body. Why does it bind to oxygen though? Are there other molecules that it may bind to instead? Carbon monoxide is a chemical commonly produced by incomplete combustion and exists in small …

Jess Brunner April 18, 2024 April 18, 2024 Uncategorized

Blood Pathway and the Heart

Jaylynn Hernandez April 18, 2024 April 18, 2024 Uncategorized

#46 Analyzing the effects of disease on the function and structure of the respiratory system for Emphysema!!

For my STEAM project I’ll be addressing the objective #46 analyzing the effects of disease on the function and structure of the respiratory system for emphysema. For this I’ll explain the origin, effects, how it disturbs the general function and regulation of our respiratory system. Emphysema, is a debilitating lung …

Tyler Coniam April 18, 2024 April 18, 2024 Uncategorized

The Digestive Game!

My STEAM Project is a board game that aims to teach the players the order of organ function and path of food during digestion through game play cards and information written on the board. The board itself has different sections (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus) which have …

Ben Woods April 18, 2024 April 18, 2024 Uncategorized

The Hypoxic Drive

My STEAM project is on the hypoxic drive. In healthy people with no respiratory issues, our normal respiratory drive is based off of Carbon-Dioxide (CO2) levels in the body. If we have too much CO2 in the body then we’ll adjust our ventilations to off-load the excess CO2. In people …

EVERYONE HAS A SUPERHERO INSIDE OF THEM…

My steam Project covered objectives from the Immune and Lymphatic System categories. I chose “23. Describe various WBCs and their functions” and “26. Compare and Contrast the innate and adaptive immune response;” however, I also briefly covered topic 25, “Interpret the response of WBC counts disease.”

To poetry these topics I created a comic-style piece depicting each pathogen and WBC as characters. I used a common pathogen, influenza, to show the immune responses. I focused on the use of neutrophils in this immune response because it is the most common innate white blood cell. I briefly describe both Eosinophils and Basophils and what they are used for.

In my cartoon, neutrophils are the first layer of defense after influenza is absorbed through the skin by airborne pathogens from a sneeze. The pathogen attacks the body and the neutrophils form a “barrier,” beginning the innate immune response. The innate immune response does not cater to specific pathogens, different WBCs attack based on what has entered the body. The barrier that I am trying to portray is the Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These traps are made of many extracellular strings of DNA binding to pathogenic microbes along with histones and several neutrophil granule proteins, damaging entrapped microorganisms and helping to stop the pathogen from causing further harm (Rada, 2019). To show the entire immune response, the pathogen busted through the neutrophils and macrophages had to continue to fight the “villain.” Macrophages are also an innate immune response and work by phagocytosis and sterilization of the invading substance, helping fight the invasion; however, because they are innate, like the Granulocytes, they maintain their bacterial phagocytic abilities but do not express toll-like receptors that recognize bacteria, preventing them from forming a response(Hirayama et al., 2017). The macrophages complete phagocytosis, which is the ingestion of the pathogen. Visible in the macrophage, pathogen consumption signals the adaptive immune responses. Finally, I showed the T-cells attacking and the B-cells attaching to the pathogen by binding the antigens to the pathogen, as the adaptive immune response, as B and T cells have memories to prevent another infection from the same pathogen or strain.
I used bone marrow as the “creator” of WBC or “superheroes.” Bone marrow is an essential part of the immune system, so diseases or injuries can hurt the body's ability to form immune responses. Leukemia, a type of cancer, directly affects the bone marrow as it changes, forming leukemia cells that can survive better than normal cells (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society n.d.). Poor bone marrow function causes neutropenia, lack of an innate WBC, and neutrophils. Losing function of the main immune responses and WBCs can be very dangerous and in an article showing the relationship between Leukemia and WBCs, “one-fourth of patients with leukemia experience neutropenia (Chinadol Wanitpongpun et al., 2022).” I attempted to show this by damaging white blood cells, ending the immune response early, and allowing the pathogen to attack the body without killer T cells or B-cell’s adaptive intervention.

Word Count: 499 Words

References
Chinadol Wanitpongpun, Nattiya Teawtrakul, Theerin Lanamtieng, Kanchana Chansung, Chittima Sirijeerachai, Worakamol Amampai, & Kittisak Sawanyawisuth. (2022). Clinical factors predictive of recurrent febrile neutropenia in adult patients with acute leukemia. Leukemia Research Reports, 100296–100296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrr.2022.100296
Hirayama, D., Lida, T., & Nakase, H. (2017). The Phagocytic Function of Macrophage-Enforcing Innate Immunity and Tissue Homeostasis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010092
Leukemia and Lymphoma Society . (n.d.). Leukemia | Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. Www.lls.org. Retrieved April 18, 2024, from https://www.lls.org/leukemia#:~:text=Leukemia-
Rada, B. (2019). Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Methods in Molecular Biology, 517–528. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9424-3_31

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Tristan Thompson April 18, 2024 April 18, 2024 STEAM Projects

Cardiovascular system; Exploring Heart Valve Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

For my STEAM presentation, I will be focusing the course objectives of the cardiovascular and circulatory system and expand on those topics into issues that can occur within the heart. Specifically, I will be expanding on heart valve disease and covering the impacts of this disease on blood flow within …

Audrey Brown April 18, 2024 April 18, 2024 STEAM Projects

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