Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea – HPO and HPA Axes

Eumenorrhea—normal menstrual/ovarian cycle: Hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis. GnRH is secreted from the hypothalamus. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are secreted from the anterior pituitary. FSH and LH act on theca and granulosa cells of ovarian follicles to produce estrogens (and inhibin); estrogens act on the endometrial lining to …

The Structure of the Knee Joint and Common Ligament Injuries (ACL/PCL)

The Structure of the Knee Joint and Ligament Injuries             The knee joint is a complex and unique structure, classified as a synovial joint but organized differently from any other joint in the body. My project will be covering the course objective “know the structure of the knee joint and …