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Ectopic pregnancies otherwise known as EP is extremely rare. An ectopic pregnancy is where the fertilized egg is attached outside of the uterine wall. While ectopic pregnancies are most commonly found attached to the fallopian tubes, they can also occur in the cervix, ovaries, and the abdominal cavity. Depending on where the fertilized egg gets attached, will determine what types of symptoms occur. The most common symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy are abdominal pain, cramping on one side of the pelvis, and excessive vaginal bleeding. An ectopic pregnancy doesn’t have a survival rate. Every ectopic pregnancy, whether it attaches itself to the fallopian tubes, ovaries, or cervix, there has to be some medical intervention. There are two ways for medical intervention: medication or surgical. The most common medication that is given, is methotrexate. Methotrexate stops any cells from the embryo to continue growing. Surgery is generally performed laparoscopically, with a small incision made into the abdominal cavity. If there is a rupture, there is a higher possible chance that it may have to be removed. There aren’t really any explanations for why ectopic pregnancies occur. In a study done in 2013, ectopic pregnancies have increased from 0.5% in 1980 to 2%.
Ectopic Pregnancy
An abstract review
An ectopic pregnancy is an adverse, potentially life-threatening pregnancy in which a fertilized ovum implants outside the endometrial cavity. As Bethany stated, they can occur in the fallopian tubes, cervix, ovaries, and inside the abdominal cavity, with the most common place being the fallopian tubes.
Ectopic pregnancies are associated with fallopian tube damage, pelvic inflammatory disease, previous ectopic pregnancies, tubal surgery, and assisted reproductive technologies just to name a few.
The most common intervention of treatment is with systemic MTC and surgical removal of the pregnancy. This is the most cost-effective than surgical management. Bethany also mentioned that methotrexate can also be used to terminate the pregnancy.
There is no way of knowing when an ectopic pregnancy will occur and why. All ectopic pregnancies will terminate, there are no successful full-term ectopic pregnancies.
Panelli, Danielle M et al. “Incidence, diagnosis and management of tubal and nontubal ectopic pregnancies: a review.” Fertility research and practice vol. 1 15. 15 Oct. 2015, doi:10.1186/s40738-015-0008-z
Mann, Laura M et al. “Trends in Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnoses in United States Emergency Departments, 2006-2013.” Maternal and child health journal vol. 24,2 (2020): 213-221. doi:10.1007/s10995-019-02842-0