Posted by A lot of different factors can cause chronic heart failure. This condition starts when the heart’s pumping is insufficient to supply the body with metabolic needs. Hospitalisation from heart failure is one of the top causes and is seen in people aged 65 and up, and is a big cause of death. Between 2012 to 2030, it is estimated that the number of individuals living with heart failure would rise to almost 8 million. CHF is hard to detect in the elderly, overweight, and people with chronic lung disease. Ways to diagnose CHF are laboratory testing, electrocardiograms, natriuretic peptides, and echocardiography. In my experience, I was put on a treadmill to help detect any heart problems by looking at my heart and my blood pressure. When diagnosing CHF, it is important to monitor weight, blood pressure, pulse, food, and symptoms. Ways to control CHF are diuretics, beta blockers, sodium, and antagonists of mineralocorticoid receptors. There are different types of heart failure: right-sided, left-sided, systolic, and diastolic heart failure. When the heart is not able to pump properly, it does not give enough blood to all organs and tissues, and the kidneys cause fluid to accumulate. In a heart without CHF, no damage will cause the prevention of blood flow. An example is when an M.I. happens, there is damage to the heart muscle, and this can affect the way the heart pumps, since we need the heart to have full function, and during an M.I. (heart attack), sometimes tissues die and are not able to function properly. The blood flow in the heart starts in the right atrium with oxygen-poor blood, which moves to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. Then, to the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery to the lung. The left side receives oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium, which then goes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. Lastly, it is pumped through the aortic valve into the aorta, which sends blood through the body. In CHF, it is common to have damage on the left side. Heart sounds play a big role in diagnosing different heart problems, such as CHF. There are two main heart sounds, which are S1 and S2. Sometimes murmurs are heard and can be a sign of a problem or can be normal, for example, during pregnancy or certain age ranges. Heart rhythms can detect if the heartbeat is too fast, causing the heart to do extra work, and also too slow, which can lead to heart failure. CHF factors can also be caused by gender, family history, and older age. A phonocardiography can be used to listen to heart sounds, and it detects when CHF is getting worse. This can be prevented by controlling cholesterol levels, smoking, and obesity. Heart failure can cause shortness of breath, coughing, tiredness, and a buildup of fluid in the tissue. Early detection of CHF is important so the patient can get therapy and prevent them from being hospitalized. Within the 5 years of diagnosis, there is an over 50% mortality rate and a low chance of survival. There would be treatments to assist, but some can also get a left ventricular assist device or a heart transplant.
References:
Helena Hipólito-Reis, Carolina Guimarães, Catarina Elias, Rita Gouveia, Sérgio Madureira, Catarina Reis, Ana Margarida Fonseca, Carlos Grijó, Ana Neves, Mariana Matos, Helena Rocha, Jorge Almeida, Patrícia Lourenço,
A new simple chronic heart failure prognostic index based on five general parameters,
International Journal of Cardiology,
Volume 423,
2025,
133002,
ISSN 0167-5273,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133002.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167527325000452)
M. Shruthi, A. Prashanth and S. Bachu, “Machine Learning and End to End Deep Learning for Detection of Chronic Heart Failure from Heart Sounds,” 2024 5th International Conference on Recent Trends in Computer Science and Technology (ICRTCST), Jamshedpur, India, 2024, pp. 310-316, doi: 10.1109/ICRTCST61793.2024.10578348.
keywords: {Heart;Deep learning;Fluids;Hospitals;Sociology;Feature extraction;Cardiovascular diseases;Chronic Heart Failure;Heart Sounds;Machine Learning},
Sabouri, Z., Ghadimi, A., Kiani-Sarkaleh, A., & Roudposhti, K. K. (2022). Effective Features Analysis in Parallel Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases Using Heart Sound. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine & Biology, 22(4), 1–29. https://doi-org.uaf.idm.oclc.org/10.1142/S0219519422500208
