Posted by By Lincoln Miller
My project covers the Compare and contrast the 4 types of bone shapes.
For the 4 different bone types we have Short, Long, Flat, and irregular. As well as the common type of fractures for specific bones.
Long bones: Long bones is one that is cylindrical in shape, being longer than it is wide. The term describes the shape of the bone, not the size. Long bones can be found primarily in the arms and legs. Being your humerus, tibia, fibula, and your femur. Long bones function as levers: they move when the muscles contract.
For Long bones I made the Fibula. The Fibula is connected to the biceps femoris, long and short head. Along with the muscles that connect down your shin. The fibula has a different type of fracture classification, because of where it brakes. So for example if you break your fibula while twisting or rolling your ankle it’s a Lateral Malleolus Fracture which is a break by the ankle.
If you break it more towards your knee it is called Fibular Head Fracture. Due to the fibula not being a main source of weight bearing bone it does not take much for it to break. Roughly 200 pounds of force is required to break your fibula.
https://venturaortho.com/common-types-of-fibula-fractures/
Short Bones: Short bones have cube-like shapes. Being rightly that same size, width, and thickness. The only short bones in the human body are the carpals of the wrists and the tarsals of the ankle. Short bones provide stability, support and limited motion.
For Short bones I made the Collarbone ( Clavicle), which connects to the Trapezius muscle. And it connects to the Deltoid, pectoralis, and the sternohyoid. The Clavicle commonly gets a midshaft fracture, which occurs well in the middle of the bone. Which comes to being a direct blow to the shoulder. Whether that comes from being tackled to one nasty karate chop. The amount of force to break your collarbone doesn’t take much at all. Roughly 25 pounds of force is all it takes to break your collarbone
Irregular Bones: Irregular bones don’t have a specific, character shape. Therefore does not fit any other classification. These ones tend to have more complex shapes, like the spine ( vertebrae, facial, and mainly sinuses.
For Irregular Bones I made the hyoid bone, which connects to the Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Geniohyoid, and the Mylohyoid. The Hyoid is the rarest bone to break and or fracture. It receives inward compression fractures. Which comes out to you basically being hung and or strangled.
Cite: Keerthi, R., & Quadri, A. (2016). Hyoid Bone Fracture: Associated With Head and Neck Trauma-A Rare Case Report. Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery, 15(Suppl 2), 249–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-015-0761-x
Flat bones: Flat bones are somewhat misnomer because flat bones are typically thin, and some are curved. Like the Cranium, scapulae, and the sternum, and ribs. Flat bones serve as points of attachments for muscles and often protect vital organs.
For Flat bones I made the Sternum. Which connects to the pectoralis, external oblique, and the transversus thoracis. The Sternum is another one of the common bones that break and fracture a lot. The sternum may break from a number of events. Such as a car crash, a punch to the chest or even CPR.
Sources/ Cite :
Wang, N., Holden, M. K., Baker, E., Lerch, N., & Fitch, N. (2024). Modes of Fracture of Flat Bone: Fracture Direction and Stress. Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium.
Tuerdi, B., Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Zhou, H., & Zhang, H. (2015). Application of digital tomosynthesis in diagnosing the fractures or dislocations in irregular bones and regions with complex structures. Clinical Imaging, 39(3), 488–492. https://doi-org.uaf.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2014.11.019
Ramponi, D. R., & Cerepani, M. J. (2021). Clavicle fractures. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 43(2), 123–127. https://doi-org.uaf.idm.oclc.org/10.1097/TME.0000000000000347
Palm, V. F., Hoogendoorn, J. M., & Verhage, S. M. (2024). The role of fibula fixation in combined distal-third tibia and fibula fractures: a systematic literature review. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 144(1), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-023-05092-6
The first bone is your Fibula. The second one is your Collarbone/ clavicle. and the the Third one is your Sternum. There is supposed to be a four one but I made it too small and lost it. But it is supposed to be the Hyoid bone.